By 1847 Joseph Thomas Austen (he later changed his name to Treffry) had built a canal from Par to Ponts Mill, and a tramway from Ponts Mill to Molinnis near Bugle, to transport tin ore and china clay to the coast. The railway line was extended alongside the canal down to Par in 1855. It crosses the Luxulyan Valley via the Treffry Viaduct, a Cornwall Heritage Trust property. The viaduct also carries a leat across the valley, its water being used to power waterwheels used to hoist wagons onto the tramway via an inclined plane at Carmears.
